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Regulation of carotenoid accumulation and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in citrus juice sacs in vitro

机译：柑橘汁囊中类胡萝卜素积累的调控及类胡萝卜素代谢基因的表达

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In the present study, to investigate the mechanisms regulating carotenoid accumulation in citrus, a culture system was set up in vitro with juice sacs of three citrus varieties, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and Lisbon lemon (Citrus limon Burm.f.). The juice sacs of all the three varieties enlarged gradually with carotenoid accumulation. The changing patterns of carotenoid content and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in juice sacs in vitro were similar to those ripening on trees in the three varieties. Using this system, the changes in the carotenoid content and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in response to environmental stimuli were investigated. The results showed that carotenoid accumulation was induced by blue light treatment, but was not affected by red light treatment in the three varieties. Different regulation of CitPSY expression, which was up-regulated by blue light while unaffected by red light, led to different changes in carotenoid content in response to these two treatments in Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange. In all three varieties, increases in carotenoid content were observed with sucrose and mannitol treatments. However, the accumulation of carotenoid in the two treatments was regulated by distinct mechanisms at the transcriptional level. With abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, the expression of the genes investigated in this study was up-regulated in Satsuma mandarin and Lisbon lemon, indicating that ABA induced its own biosynthesis at the transcriptional level. This feedback regulation of ABA led to decreases in carotenoid content. With gibberellin (GA) treatment, carotenoid content was significantly decreased in the three varieties. Changes in the expression of genes related to carotenoid metabolism varied among the three varieties in response to GA treatment. These results provided insights into improving carotenoid content and composition in citrus during fruit maturation.
机译：在本研究中，为了研究调节类胡萝卜素在柑桔中积累的机制，在体外建立了一个培养系统，该系统使用了三个柑桔品种的汁囊，即萨摩柑（Citrus unshiu Marc。），巴伦西亚橙（Citrus sinensis Osbeck）和里斯本柠檬（Citrus limon Burm.f.）。这三个品种的汁囊都随着类胡萝卜素的积累而逐渐扩大。这三个变种中汁囊中类胡萝卜素含量的变化模式和类胡萝卜素代谢基因的表达与体外成熟相似。使用该系统，研究了类胡萝卜素含量的变化和类胡萝卜素代谢基因响应环境刺激的表达。结果表明，在三个品种中，类胡萝卜素的积累是由蓝光诱导的，但不受红光处理的影响。对CitPSY表达的不同调节（受蓝光上调而不受红光影响），响应萨摩橘和巴伦西亚橙这两种处理，导致类胡萝卜素含量发生不同变化。在这三个品种中，蔗糖和甘露醇处理均能使类胡萝卜素含量增加。然而，两种处理中类胡萝卜素的积累在转录水平上受到不同机制的调节。用脱落酸（ABA）处理，本研究中研究的基因的表达在萨摩普通话和里斯本柠檬中上调，表明ABA在转录水平上诱导了其自身的生物合成。 ABA的这种反馈调节导致类胡萝卜素含量降低。用赤霉素（GA）处理后，这三个品种的类胡萝卜素含量显着降低。在三个品种中，与GA处理相关的类胡萝卜素代谢相关基因的表达变化也不同。这些结果为改善水果成熟过程中柑橘类胡萝卜素含量和成分提供了见识。

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